| Experimental Treatments: |
The following are the 8 different silvicultural programs.
| Program |
Number of Total Acres |
Compartment Number and Year Applied |
| Fixed-Diameter Limit Harvest Method at ~20-year operating
interval for pulpwood production with a limited amount
of sawlogs |
50.5
|
4 (1952,1973,1994),
15 (1956,1977) |
| Shelterwood System, 2-Stage Method at a 60- to 70-year
rotation for pulpwood production |
45.5
|
21 (1957,1967),
30 (1957,1967) |
| Shelterwood System, 3-Stage Method at a 40- to 75-year
rotation for integrated product production |
41.1
|
23 (1955, 1966, 1972, 1981),
29 (1957, 1968, 1974, 1983) |
| Selection System, Intensive Mgmt. at a 5-year operating
interval for integrated product production |
43.5
|
9 (1954,1961,1966, 1970,1974,1978,1983,1989,1993)
16(1957,1963,1972,1977,1982,1987,1991) |
| Selection System, Intensive Mgmt. At a 10-year operating
interval for integrated product production |
52.3
|
12 (1954,1965,1975,1984,1994)
20(1957,1967,1976,1986) |
| Selection system, Extensive Mgmt. At a 20-year operating
interval for integrated product production |
46.6
|
17(1955,1975,1994)
27(1957,1977) |
| Diameter Limit Harvest Method at a 20-year operating
interval for pulpwood production with a limited amount
of small sawlogs |
43.4
|
24(1955,1975)
28(1957,1976) |
| Unregulated Commercial Clear-cut at a 30- to 80-year
rotation primarily for pulpwood production |
77.0
|
8(1953,1983)
22(1957,1988) |
|
| Publications and Reports: |
Study plan. January 1953. T.F. McLintock.
Revised Study plan. April 1959, December 1960, June 1962. A.C.
Hart.
Revised Study plan. November 1974. R.M. Frank.
Penobscot Experimental Forest Fact Sheets:
First 15 years of results (compartments 4 and 15).
First 20 years of results (compartments 21 and 30). May 1978.
First 28 years of results (compartments 23 and 29). February
1991.
First 30 years of results (compartments 17 and 27). February
1991.
The above are office reports of U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Orono,
ME.
Davis, G.; Hart, A.C. 1961. Effect of seedbed preparation
on natural reproduction of spruce and Hemlock under dense
shade. Station Paper 160. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station. 23 p.
Blum, B.M. 1973. Some Observations on age relationships in
Spruce-Fir regeneration. Res. Note NE-169. Upper Darby, PA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station. 4 p.
Blum, B.M. 1976. Animal damage to young Spruce and Fir in
Maine. Res. Note NE-231. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station.
* Frank, R.M. 1977. Silvicultural options for obtaining high
yields in Spruce-Fir. In: Proceedings, 74th Meeting of the
Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests.
Frank, R.M. 1977. Indications of silvicultural potential
from long-term experiments in Spruce-Fir types. In: Proceedings,
The Intensive Culture of Northern Forest Types. Gen. Tech.
Rep. NE-29. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 159-177.
Frank, R.M.; Blum, B.M. 1978. The selection system of silviculture
in Spruce-Fir stands: procedures, early results, and comparisons
with unmanaged stands. Res. Paper NE-425. Broomall, PA. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station.
* Frank, R.M. 1979. Methods for Modifying stand composition
to minimize the impact of spruce budworm infestations. In:
Spruce Budworm: silviculture and utilization options and current
research programs in progress. Mich. Coop. For. Pest Mgmt.
Program Workshop Vol. 79-1.
Blum, BM; Solomon, D.S. 1980. Growth trends in pruned Red
Spruce trees. Res. Note NE-294. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station.
Frank, R.M. 1983. A focus on natural regeneration methods
for developing a Spruce-Fir forest less vulnerable to Spruce
Budworm. In: Proceedings, 1983 eastern Spruce Budworm research
work conference. Orono, ME: Univ. Maine. .Abstract.
Frank, R.M. 1983. Have 25 years of selection management reduced
initial Spruce Budworm losses? CANUSA Newsletter Number 27,
March. Abstract.
Solomon, D.S.,; Frank, R.M. 1983. Growth response of managed-unevenaged
northern conifer stands. Res. Paper NE-517. Broomall, PA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station. 17 p.
Frank, R.M. 1984. The shelterwood simulator. In: Sanders,
C.J.; Stark, R.W.; Cooperation none
Frank, R.M. 1985. Building new Spruce-Fir stands - a long-term
localized strategy for reducing Spruce Budworm impact. In:
Sanders, CJ; Stark, R.W.; Mullins, E.J. ; Murphy, J. eds.
Proceedings, CANUSA Spruce Budworms research symposium; 1985
September 16-20; Bangor, ME: Canadian Forestry Service. 365-366.
Frank, R.M. 1985. The shelterwood simulator. In: Sanders,
CJ; Stark, R.W.; Mullins, E.J. ; Murphy, J. eds. Proceedings,
CANUSA Spruce Budworms research symposium; 1985 September
16-20; Bangor, ME: Canadian Forestry Service. 503.
* Frank, R.M. 1986. A Tale of two stands during a spruce
budworm epidemic - and more. In: Proceedings, eastern spruce
budworm research Work conference; 1986 January 7-8; Orono,
ME: .Abstract.
Frank, R.M. 1986. Shelterwood - an ideal silvicultural strategy
for regenerating Spruce-Fir stands. In: North Central Forest
Experiment Station Staff. eds. Proceedings, Integrated pest
management symposium for northern forests; 1986 March 24-27;
Madison, WI; Madison, WI: Univ of Wisconsin Extension. 139-150.
Frank, R.M. 1989. Shelterwood - a technique to increase spruce
production and reduce budworm problems. In: Briggs, R.D. et
al. eds. Forest and Wildlife management in New England - What
Can We Afford? Proceedings, a joint meeting of the Maine Div.
of N.E. Soc. of Am. Foresters, Maine. Chpt of The Wildlife
Soc., and the Atlantic International Chpt. of the Am. Fish
Soc.; 1989 March 15-17; Portland ME; Station Report 336. Orono,
ME: Maine Agriculture Experiment Station. 240 p. Abstract.
Frank, R.M. 1992. Tree and wildlife diversity responses to
silvicultural practices in northern conifers. In: Proceedings,
Seminar of integrated resource management; 1992 April 7-8;
Fredericton, N.B; Maritimes Region Information Report M-X-183E.
Forestry Canada. 59-76.
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