Life History and Disturbance Response of Pinus banksiana (Jack Pine )
Family: Pinaceae
Guild: pioneer, dry-site, shade intolerant
Functional Lifeform: small-medium evergreen conifer
Ecological Role: Jack pine is the most northern ranging pine. A pioneer species, it usually found on sandy or loamy soils. It can grow on dry soils where few other species can survive.
Lifespan, yrs (typical/max): /150
Shade Tolerance: intolerant
Height, m: 10-25m
Canopy Tree: yes
Pollination Agent: wind
Seeding, yrs (begins/optimal/declines): 5/40/?
Mast Frequency, yrs: 1 yr
New Cohorts Source: seeds
Flowering Dates: late spring
Flowers/Cones Damaged by Frost: variable
Seed Banking: 20+yrs while still in cone
Cold Stratification Required: no
Seed Type/Dispersal Distance/Agent: wined/<100m/wind
Season of Germination: variable
Seedling Rooting System: taproot
Sprouting: not under natural conditions
Establishment: Seedbed Preferences
Substrate: mineral soil preferred
Light: variable
Moisture: moist required
Temperature: neutral
Disturbance Response:
Fire: Jack pine can survive low-severity fires. However, it is killed by crown fires and moderate to severe surface fires. The high temperatures caused by fire cause jack pines serotinous cones to open and release seed. Seeds germinate on burned duff or mineral soil exposed by fire.
Weather:
Air Pollution:
Exotics: