Data and modeling and graphics source code for "The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires"

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
Data and modeling and graphics source code for "The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires"
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: MATLAB files
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0077
Description:
Abstract:
This archive consists of both the model code (MATLAB) describing soil heating and moisture during soil surface fires and the data and graphics subroutines used to test and evaluate the model's performance. All soil temperature data used in this study are included in this archive as MATLAB .mat files. Soil temperature data during the slash pile burns at Manitou Experimental Forest were measured at the soil surface, and at depths 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.50 meters (m) and recorded every 2 minutes. Soil heat flux was measured at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.20 m and recorded every 2 minutes. Soil moisture was measured at 0.05 and 0.15 m and recorded every 30 minutes.

All soil temperature data (not the model code) and other soil data during other fires are also available at Robichaud et al. (2018). The soil data during the 2001-2006 experimental burns carried out at Manitou Experimental Forest are also available at Frank and Massman (2007). These soil data were fundamental to the major conclusion of the modeling study: "Despite any possible ambiguities in the calibration of the sensors or the simplicity of the parameterization of the surface heating function, the difficulties and complexities of formulating the upper boundary condition, and the obvious complexities of the dynamic response of the soil's temperature and heat flux, the model produced at least a very credible, if not surprisingly good, simulation of the observed data." The ultimate goal of this study was to provide a tool to better understand the impact of fire on soils, this study outlines the improvements to and the in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model for simulating the coupled interactions and transport of heat, moisture and water vapor during fires.
Purpose:
All data were collected to improve (a) knowledge of the impact of fire on soils and (b) capabilities to measure (in situ) soil temperature, soil moisture and soil heat flux during fires.
Supplemental_Information:
These data and model code are directly associated with Massman (2021; https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-685-2021).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1990
Ending_Date: 2018
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Mountainous western United States, including: slash pile burns performed within Manitou Experimental Forest (central Rocky Mountains of Colorado); lab studies performed in the Missoula Fire Lab (Missoula, Montana); controlled burns performed in an open field in Redding California; prescribed burns performed at Sequoia Kings National Park (California); field data obtained during the Hogback Mountain Fire (Montana); and slash pile burns performed at the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest (northeast of Missoula, Montana).
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.00000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -102.00000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.00000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.50000
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 400.000
Altitude_Maximum: 8500.000
Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Soil
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire effects on environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: soil temperature
Theme_Keyword: soil moisture
Theme_Keyword: soil heat flux
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Manitou Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: Idaho
Place_Keyword: Montana
Place_Keyword: California
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Massman, William J. 2021. Data and modeling and graphics source code for "The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires". Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0077
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: William J. Massman
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Position: Meteorologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 970-498-1296
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: william.j.massman@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Robichaud, Pete R.
Originator: Massman, William J.
Originator: Lesiecki, M. L.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
High soil temperature data archive from prescribed fires and wildfires database
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Ft. Collins, CO
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.fed.us/rmrs/projects/high-soil-temperature-data-archive
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Issue_Identification: 25: 685–709
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-685-2021
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Publication_Date: unknown
Title:
The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Issue_Identification: Preprint, discussion started 11 May 2020
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-193
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Frank, John M.
Originator: Massman, William J.
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Effects of fuels reduction treatments on the soil temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at Manitou Experimental Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2007-0002
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Originator: Frank, John M.
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
An in situ investigation of the influence of a controlled burn on the thermophysical properties of a dry soil
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: 26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Issue_Identification: Paper 1.8
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Boston, MA
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/43521
Online_Linkage: https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/79501.pdf
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Originator: Frank, John M.
Originator: Mooney, Sacha J.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Advancing investigation and physical modeling of first-order fire effects on soils
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Fire Ecology
Issue_Identification: 6(1): 36-54
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0601036
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/35013
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Originator: Frank, John M.
Originator: Reisch, N. B.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Long-term impacts of prescribed burns on soil thermal conductivity and soil heating at a Colorado Rocky Mountain site: a data/model fusion study
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: International Journal of Wildland Fire
Issue_Identification: 17: 131-146
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1071/wf06118
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/29772
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Originator: Frank, John M.
Originator: Shepperd, Wayne D.
Originator: Platten, M. J.
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
In situ soil temperature and heat flux measurements during controlled burns at a southern Colorado forest site
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Series_Information:
Series_Name: USDA Forest Service Proceedings
Issue_Identification: RMRS-P-29
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
In: (Eds. Omi, PN, and LA Joyce) Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: Conference proceedings; 2002 16-18 April; pp 69-87
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
MATLAB® combines a desktop environment tuned for iterative analysis and design processes with a programming language that expresses matrix and array mathematics directly.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website for access instructions
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
FOFEM - A First Order Fire Effects Model - is a computer program that was developed to meet needs of resource managers, planners, and analysts in predicting and planning for fire effects.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.firelab.org/document/fofem-files
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website for access instructions
Tool_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Keane, Robert E.
Originator: Lutes, Duncan C.
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: software
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Missoula, MT
Publisher: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://www.firelab.org/project/fofem
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
For information about the accuracy of the soil temperature data, see Robichaud et al. (2018) and Frank and Massman (2007). For information about the accuracy of the model see (especially the model sensitivity analysis discussed by) Massman (2021).
Completeness_Report:
For information see Robichaud et al. (2018), Frank and Massman (2007), and Massman (2021).
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Soil temperature data were obtained from Robichaud et al. (2018) and Frank and Massman (2007). These data were collected in multiple locations by multiple scientists for different purposes.

With the increasing frequency and severity of fire, there is an increasing desire to better manage fuels and minimize, as much as possible, the impacts of fire on soils and other natural resources. In the hope of providing a tool to better understand the impact of fire on soils, the heat-moisture-vapor (HMV) model was developed for simulating the coupled interactions and transport of heat, moisture, and water vapor during fires. This latest version of the model improves the physical description of the relation between evaporation and condensation in the model’s vapor source term, and the other on the parameterization of the soil’s thermal conductivity in the modeled heat flow equation. The model also includes (a) a general heating function that describes the energy input to the soil surface by the fire and (b) can be used to explore the complexities and difficulties of formulating the upper boundary condition from a surface energy balance approach. The model was validated using in situ temperature, soil moisture and heat flux data obtained in a 2004 experimental slash pile burn. Despite any possible ambiguities in the calibration of the sensors or the simplicity of the parameterization of the surface heating function, difficulties and complexities of formulating the upper boundary condition and the obvious complexities of the dynamic response of the soil’s temperature and heat flux, the model produced at least a very credible, if not surprisingly good, simulation of the observed data. This study detailing the model includes a discussion and sensitivity analysis of some important feedbacks (some of which are well known and others that are more hypothetical) that are not included in the HMV model or any existing model, but that undoubtedly are dynamically influencing the physical properties of the soil in situ during the fire and, thereby, modulating the behavior of the soil temperature and moisture. Massman (2021) concludes with a list of possible future observational and modeling studies and how they would advance the research and findings. It also provides many of details to the improvements and performance of the HMV model. In addition to this archive, a slightly earlier version of the HMV model is also available for use with version 6.7 of the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM: https://www.firelab.org/document/fofem-files). This version of the HMV model is also documented in pages 49-50 of the user’s guide to version 6.7 of FOFEM.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Massman, William J.
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Issue_Identification: 25: 685–709
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-685-2021
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lutes, Duncan C.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
First Order Fire Effects Model user guide
Edition: FOFEM 6.7
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Missoula, MT
Publisher: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://www.firelab.org/document/fofem-files
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Robichaud Pete R.
Originator: Massman William J.
Originator: Lesiecki M. L.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
High soil temperature data archive from prescribed fires and wildfires database
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Ft. Collins, CO
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.fed.us/rmrs/projects/high-soil-temperature-data-archive
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1990
Ending_Date: 2018
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Robichaud et al. (2018)
Source_Contribution:
All soil temperature data included with the MATLAB code were obtained from this source. These data were collected in multiple locations by multiple scientists for different purposes.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Frank, John M.
Originator: Massman, William J.
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Effects of fuels reduction treatments on the soil temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at Manitou Experimental Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2007-0002
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20010329
Ending_Date: 20060906
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Frank and Massman (2007)
Source_Contribution:
Data from this source included soil data during the 2001-2006 experimental burns carried out at Manitou Experimental Forest.
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
This data publication contains both MATLAB code files and MATLAB data files, which are defined below.

\Data\*.m: MATLAB (version 2017b) model code files describing soil heating and moisture during soil surface fires and graphics subroutines used to test and evaluate the model's performance.

\Data\*.mat: MATLAB (version 2017b) files containing soil temperature data used in Massman (2021).


Here is a description of the data key files and naming conventions necessary to run the model and graph the output.

HMV_model.m = Model driver, to run the model execute the command: HMV_model. The driver calls the following .m files in order.


Model_Switch_HMV.m = Allows user to switch between different model parameterizations for soil thermal conductivity; surface energy balance formulations; enhancement of evaporation; hydraulic functions; surface diffusion of liquid water; water activity model; volume-averaged specific soil water surface area model; water retention curve; data set to model; variable soil properties for some soil data sets.

Switches not included in this list, which may be listed in this .m file are not supported and should not be changed from their present setting.


Physical_Constants_HMV.m = Physical constants and coefficients of temperature-dependent parameterizations for water vapor, dry air, and liquid water. Also includes the ambient atmospheric pressure for each burn site and the default coefficients for site specific soil volumetric specific heat.

Soil_Time_Depth_Param_HMV.m
(a) calls Soil_Model_Data_Files_HMV = (i) defines the appropriate input file for the named burn site (i.e., BURNNAME = Maintou*, Quincy*, etc.) and the burn being simulated and (ii) loads the measured soil temperature and other data files and sets parameters for graphing the model output and data (LoadBURNNAME) and
(b) sets up the vertical profiles (initial conditions) of the model variables for these sites

BURNAME files are listed in Model_Switch_HMV. The burns that are supported
(1) Campbell et al. (1995) laboratory burns: QUINCY1.m, QUINCYD.m, QUINCY1GG.m (Quincy sand); PBAIR.m, PBWET.m (Palouse B); PalousseA.m (Palouse A); BOULDERCGG.m (Boulder Creek);
(2) Slash pile burns: Manitou04.m, ManitouE04.m ManitouH04.m, Manitou02, Manitou01_5.m, ManitouBB08.m (Manitou Experimental Forest); LubrechtSpring12.m (Lubrecht EF, spring 2012);
(3) Wildfire: LittleHogBack17.m (Little Hog Back 2017);
(4) Prescribed burn (not a slash pile burn): Weisse90_51.m, Weisse95_53.m;
(5) Outdoor Laboratory Burn Table fire: Busse05R21.m

Boundary*.m = All files beginning with ‘Boundary’ are different formulations for the mathematical shape of the upper boundary (soil surface) forcing function.

SolveHMV.m for each time step calls CrankNicolson.m = Driver code for all calculations.

All *.m files beginning with ‘Graphics’ (e.g., GraphAllOnOne.m for Manitou04 fire) is the code for graphing and comparing the model output with the appropriate observed data.

Please see _fileindex_RDS-2020-0077.csv for a further list and description of the files included in this data publication.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Massman, William J. 2021. The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of soil heat and moisture dynamics during fires. Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences 25: 685-709. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-685-2021

Campbell, G. S.; Jungbauer Jr., J. D.; Bristow, K. L.; Hungerford, R. D. 1995. Soil temperature and water content beneath a surface fire. Soil Science 159(6): 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199506000-00001
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of February 2021. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2020-0077
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
ASCII text file (*.m)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0077
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: MAT
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
MATLAB file (*.mat)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0077
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20210219
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: William J. Massman
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Position: Meteorologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 970-498-1296
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: william.j.massman@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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