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Opening in understory with only a few witch hobble and suppressed maple saplings. Canopy topped with hemlock (see edge of photo). Background is sawlog yellow birch of good form and quality. Photo taken facing due west from a point 1.26 chains S11E of stake 86-23.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: pre-harvest
Organisms: maple
witch hobble
hemlock
yellow birch
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest; Compartment 48
Description: Opening in understory with only a few witch hobble and suppressed maple saplings. Canopy topped with hemlock (see edge of photo). Background is sawlog yellow birch of good form and quality. Photo taken facing due west from a point 1.26 chains S11E of stake 86-23.
Date: 4/11/1957

Initial stand photo of spruce-yellow birch stand with beech, striped maple, and witch hobble in the understory. Photo taken facing due west from a point 0.2 chains S14E of stake 86-17.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: pre-harvest
Organisms: striped maple
beech
witch hobble
hemlock
yellow birch
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest; Compartment 47
Description: Initial stand photo of spruce-yellow birch stand with beech, striped maple, and witch hobble in the understory. Photo taken facing due west from a point 0.2 chains S14E of stake 86-17.
Date: 4/4/1957

Control plot. Under the dense hardwood overstory, few hard maple, yellow birch, or white ash seedlings developed beyond 12 inches high. Even the tolerant witch hobble and beech were much less abundant here than on the selection plot where they had more light.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: suppression
hardwood
Organisms: maple
beech
yellow birch
witch hobble
white ash
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: Control plot. Under the dense hardwood overstory, few hard maple, yellow birch, or white ash seedlings developed beyond 12 inches high. Even the tolerant witch hobble and beech were much less abundant here than on the selection plot where they had more light.
Date: 1950

The shelterwood plot was left with about 50 sq. ft. of basal area among overstory trees 6"+ d.b.h. This opening produced an abundance of hard maple, yellow birch, and white ash seedlings. Deer promptly came to "picnic" and have permitted few of these to grow beyond 12" high (snow provides some protection). Six years later these better hardwoods were growing well only within the protection of the deer exclosure. Severe browsing outside of it was benefiting the less-palatable beech and witch hobble.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: personnel
shelterwood
browse
Organisms: deer
maple
yellow birch
white ash
beech
witch hobble
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: The shelterwood plot was left with about 50 sq. ft. of basal area among overstory trees 6"+ d.b.h. This opening produced an abundance of hard maple, yellow birch, and white ash seedlings. Deer promptly came to "picnic" and have permitted few of these to grow beyond 12" high (snow provides some protection). Six years later these better hardwoods were growing well only within the protection of the deer exclosure. Severe browsing outside of it was benefiting the less-palatable beech and witch hobble.
Date: 1950