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With light selection cutting (residual stand 70 sq. ft. B.A.) existing understory beech were benefited, but few hard maple, white ash, and yellow birch seedlings grew more than 12 inches high. This is 17 years after the first cutting. "Does this happen only on less-fertile soils? Would hard maples have reacted like this on more-fertile soils? Maple seed trees were more abundant here than beech seed trees."
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: selection
post-harvest
hardwood
Organisms: maple
yellow birch
white ash
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: With light selection cutting (residual stand 70 sq. ft. B.A.) existing understory beech were benefited, but few hard maple, white ash, and yellow birch seedlings grew more than 12 inches high. This is 17 years after the first cutting. "Does this happen only on less-fertile soils? Would hard maples have reacted like this on more-fertile soils? Maple seed trees were more abundant here than beech seed trees."
Date: 1950

Selection plot in background. Cut back to 70 sq. ft. basal area in 1938 and again in 1948. This was too much overstory for hard maple, yellow birch, and white ash seedlings.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: personnel
selection
post-harvest
Organisms: maple
yellow birch
white ash
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: Selection plot in background. Cut back to 70 sq. ft. basal area in 1938 and again in 1948. This was too much overstory for hard maple, yellow birch, and white ash seedlings.
Date: 1950

Clearcut in 1937. Deer suppressed hardwoods until exclosure was put up 10 years later. With protection, white ash and yellow birch are growing; none this large are found outside the exclosure.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: personnel
clearcut
browse
hardwood
Organisms: deer
yellow birch
white ash
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: Clearcut in 1937. Deer suppressed hardwoods until exclosure was put up 10 years later. With protection, white ash and yellow birch are growing; none this large are found outside the exclosure.
Date: 1950

Control plot. Under the dense hardwood overstory, few hard maple, yellow birch, or white ash seedlings developed beyond 12 inches high. Even the tolerant witch hobble and beech were much less abundant here than on the selection plot where they had more light.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: suppression
hardwood
Organisms: maple
beech
yellow birch
witch hobble
white ash
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: Control plot. Under the dense hardwood overstory, few hard maple, yellow birch, or white ash seedlings developed beyond 12 inches high. Even the tolerant witch hobble and beech were much less abundant here than on the selection plot where they had more light.
Date: 1950

The shelterwood plot was left with about 50 sq. ft. of basal area among overstory trees 6"+ d.b.h. This opening produced an abundance of hard maple, yellow birch, and white ash seedlings. Deer promptly came to "picnic" and have permitted few of these to grow beyond 12" high (snow provides some protection). Six years later these better hardwoods were growing well only within the protection of the deer exclosure. Severe browsing outside of it was benefiting the less-palatable beech and witch hobble.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: personnel
shelterwood
browse
Organisms: deer
maple
yellow birch
white ash
beech
witch hobble
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: The shelterwood plot was left with about 50 sq. ft. of basal area among overstory trees 6"+ d.b.h. This opening produced an abundance of hard maple, yellow birch, and white ash seedlings. Deer promptly came to "picnic" and have permitted few of these to grow beyond 12" high (snow provides some protection). Six years later these better hardwoods were growing well only within the protection of the deer exclosure. Severe browsing outside of it was benefiting the less-palatable beech and witch hobble.
Date: 1950

Clearcut 18 years earlier, deer browsing has eliminated most yellow birch, white ash, and hard maple seedling. Less-palatable beech and red spruce continued to grow.
more info/bigger image
Collection: Paul Smith Experimental Forest Historical Photo Archive
Keywords: personnel
clearcut
browse
Organisms: deer
yellow birch
white ash
maple
beech
red spruce
Location: Paul Smith Experimental Forest
Description: Clearcut 18 years earlier, deer browsing has eliminated most yellow birch, white ash, and hard maple seedling. Less-palatable beech and red spruce continued to grow.
Date: 1950