American hornbeam; musclewood (Carpinus caroliniana)
Model Reliability: Low


GCM SCENARIO | % Area Occ | Ave IV | Sum IV | Future/Current IV |
---|---|---|---|---|
Actual | 13.7 | 2.3 | 9395 | N/A |
Regional Summary Tree Tables
Summaries for tree species are available for a variety of geographies, in both PDF and Excel format. These summaries are based on Version 4 of the Climate Change Tree Atlas
Interpretation Guide
American hornbeam, or musclewood, is a widely distributed (10.7% of area), sparse, low IV but common species distributed widely across the eastern US. It is modeled as a large increaser (RCP 8.5) or small increaser (RCP 4.5) with a low reliable model, but because of its medium adaptability and increasing status, its overall rating is very good (RCP 8.5) to good (RCP 4.5). SHIFT shows that this is a good infill species with some migration capability.
Family: Betulaceae
Guild: persistent, slow-growing understory tolerant
Functional Lifeform: small deciduous tree
5.1 | 0.56 |
0.62 | ![]() |
MODFACs
What traits will impact American hornbeam; musclewood's ability to adapt to climate change, and in what way?:
Primary Positive Traits
Shade tolerance Seedling establishment
Primary Negative Traits
Fire topkill Drought