Exposure to Toxic Substances

Various air pollutants, insecticides, herbicides, and petroleum products can be toxic to seedlings. Some pollutants, such as ethylene gas in apple coolers, may be subtler than others (such as gasoline). Herbicides may be used during site preparation or for weed control after planting. The herbicides should not present a problem to seedlings if the label precautions are followed. Normal precautions should be taken to avoid contact with petroleum products and other contaminants. A conscious effort should be made at all times to avoid exposing seedlings to any toxic substances.