Safety and Outdoor Ethics

Whether you're roughing it in a tent or planning a family picnic, there are many ways to make sure that your experience is fun and safe. Consider the following basic tips:

Be prepared

• Pack a first aid kit. Your kit can prove invaluable if you or a member of your group suffers a cut, bee sting or allergic reaction. Pack antiseptics for cuts and scrapes, tweezers, insect repellent, a snake bite kit, pain relievers, and sunscreen. Tailor your kit to your family's special needs.
• Learn ABC - Airway, Breathing, & Circulation. Know how to perform CPR and basic first aid. Recognizing serious injuries will enable you to attend to a victim until medical help arrives.
• Bring emergency supplies. In addition to a first aid kit, you should also have a map of the area, compass, flashlight, knife, waterproof fire starter, personal shelter, whistle, warm clothing, high energy food, water, water-purifying tablets, and insect repellant.
• Responsible Recreation. Being prepared includes knowing how to be a responsible camper. Learn more on our Responsible Recreation page.

Check the elements

• What is in the skies? Check the weather report before you leave home. When you arrive at the site, keep on eye on the skies for changes and, if possible, carry a compact weather radio. In inclement weather, take shelter until the bad weather passes. Stay dry - wet clothes contribute to heat loss. Also, keep sleeping bags and important gear dry at all times.
• Are there forest or grassland alerts? Forest and grassland home pages post alerts you should know before you go. Many of our forests and grasslands also post alerts on Twitter. The latest fire information may be found on InciWeb.

Survey your surroundings

• Arrive early. Plan your trip so that you arrive at your actual campsite with enough daylight to check over the entire site and safely set up camp.
• Check for potential hazards. Be sure to check the site thoroughly for glass, sharp objects, branches, large ant beds, poison ivy, bees, and hazardous terrain.
• Avoid areas of natural hazards. Check the contour of the land and look for potential trouble spots due to rain or snow. Areas that could flood or become extremely muddy can pose a problem.
• Inspect the site. Look for a level site with enough room to spread out all your gear. A site that has trees or shrubs on the side of prevailing winds will help block strong, unexpected gusts.
• Pitch your tent in a safe spot. Make sure your tent is made of flame-retardant fabric, and keep it a safe distance away from campfires. Keep insects out of your tent by closing the entrance quickly when entering or leaving.
• Build fires in a safe area. Your open fires and fuel-burning appliances must be far enough away from the tent to prevent ignition from sparks, flames, and heat. Never use a flame or any other heating device inside a tent. Check to know whether there are fire restrictions in place before starting a campfire. You could be fined if you start a fire in a restricted area.

Outdoor awareness

• Ensure your fires are always attended. Be sure you have an area for a campfire that cannot spread laterally or vertically - a grill or stone surface is ideal. When putting the fire out, drown it with water. Make sure all embers, coals and sticks are wet. Embers buried deep within the pile have a tendency to reignite later.
• Use caution with propane stoves, grills. Read the instructions that come with the stove and propane cylinder. Use the stove as a cooking appliance only - never leave it unattended while it's burning.
• Watch out for bugs. Hornets, bees, wasps, and yellow jackets are a problem at many campsites. Avoid attracting stinging insects by wearing light-colored clothing and avoiding perfumes or colognes. Should such an insect approach, do not wave wildly and swat blindly - instead use a gentle pushing or brushing motion to deter them.
• Dispose of trash properly. Remember to recycle - use the proper recycling bins if available.
• Beware when encountering wildlife. To ward off bears, keep your campsite clean, and do not leave food, garbage, coolers, cooking equipment or utensils out in the open. Remember that bears can be dangerous and unpredictable - never feed or approach a bear. Use a flashlight at night - many animals feed at night and the use of a flashlight may warn them that you are approaching.
• Know which plants are poisonous. Familiarize yourself with any dangerous plants that are common to the area. If you come into contact with a poisonous plant, immediately rinse the affected area with water and apply a soothing lotion such as calamine to the affected area.
• Keep it clean. Wash your hands, particularly after using the toilet and before handling food to prevent the spread of germs and disease. Use biodegradable soap. Keep your campsite clean, too. And don't forget to remove all trash.

Source: Forest Service and Center for Disease Control

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Please keep the following in mind while driving through the woods.

• Watch for and obey posted speed limits. Forest Service roads can be narrow, rocky, and are not meant for high speeds.
• Be careful braking on gravel roads. Allow more time and distance when coming to a stop.
• Beware of rocks, boulders, road washouts, downed trees and brush on the roadway.
• Use appropriate tires for the terrain and conditions you’ll be traveling. Remember to stay on authorized roads.
• Plan appropriately for food, gas, and lodging, which may not be readily available along Forest Service roads.  Always carry extra food and water.
• Carry a car kit, equipment, tools, and supplies, in case of an emergency.
• Always let someone know your plans and stick to those plans. 

Winter driving can pose its own challenges

In addition to the tips above, keep these suggestions in mind, too:

• Check your state’s Department of Transportation website for information on road conditions, closures, and restrictions.
• Follow the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration detailed winter tips.
• Check current and forecast weather conditions.
• Check the forest or grassland website where you plan to go for any posted alerts.
• Make sure that your car is in good mechanical order. Check tire condition, antifreeze and motor oil levels, and the entire exhaust system for leaks. Ensure that all hoses and belts are in good condition.
• Pack extra layers of clothing, including rain gear, socks, gloves or mittens, and a warm hat.
• Bring a winter emergency kit, which should include a flashlight, map and compass, matches in a waterproof container, whistle, fire-starter, nylon cord, pocketknife, high-energy food, plastic tarp, space blanket, signal mirror, first aid kit, duct tape for repairs, and a metal container for melting snow. 

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Emerging technologies such as e-bikes are changing the way people enjoy their visits to national forests and grasslands. Today, more than 60,000 miles of trails and thousands of miles of roads on national forests and grasslands are currently open to e-bike use. As use trends change with time and new technologies, the way we manage lands to ensure their long-term health and resilience must change as well. This is why we have clarified our policy on e-bikes and are encouraging local Forest Service decision makers to expand access to recreation opportunities on our forests and grasslands in ways that meet user needs while continuing to protect forest resources.

Recent Updates

Feature Story: E-bikes bring new users to forests, grasslands

News Release: USDA Forest Service Issues Guidance to Manage Future E-Bike Use on National Forests and Grasslands

Updated Travel Management Directives:
7700 Travel Management – Zero Code
7710 Travel Management – Travel Planning

Frequently Asked Questions

Did the Forest Service change its policy related to e-bikes?

The Forest Service finalized its directives that clarify how e-bikes are managed on national forests and grasslands. The directives clarify the definition of an e-bike and identifies e-bikes under three classes of motor vehicles. They also provide needed guidance to field units under existing Travel Management Rule definitions, and reinforce criteria needed to designate roads, trails and areas for e-bikes use. Before a decision to expand use of e-bike on specific national forests and grasslands, the unit must first conduct the appropriate environmental analysis and public engagement, just like any other project that alters the use of the land.

Where are e-bikes currently allowed on national forests and grasslands?

Class 1, 2, and 3 e-bikes are allowed on motorized trails and roads on national forests and grasslands. Additionally, several year-round resorts operating under a special use permit have established e-bike use within their permit boundary.

Local Forest Service officials may consider new opportunities for e-bike use on non-motorized trails and in non-motorized areas by utilizing a designation process in accordance with the Travel Management Rule (36 CFR Part 212, Subpart B). Designations involve appropriate environmental analysis, public involvement, and local decision-making.

Did the Forest Service use scientific evidence and review public input when updating its directives on e-bike use?

Yes. The e-bike directives incorporate new trends in recreation on public lands and provide forest officials opportunities to expand e-bike use in areas other than those currently open to e-bikes. The agency has used best-available science, public input, use trends, and other information in developing the directives. As part of this process, the Forest Service has reviewed Interior Department’s e-bike direction and continues to monitor how they implement this direction.

The Forest Service is managing e-bikes with the goal of allowing a variety of recreation opportunities while protecting natural and cultural resources and other forest uses. We understand the challenging management situation this can pose in areas of adjoining/shared boundaries. The Forest Service is committed to listening to the people we serve to better understand their needs as well as providing them seamless experiences across boundaries as allowed by law.

How will expanding e-bike use on national forests and grasslands improve access for more Americans?

The Forest Service has a long tradition of multiple uses and supporting access to the public land the agency manages. Simply put, e-bikes allow more people to enjoy their national forests and grasslands. The technology has the potential to include older Americans and attract more diverse users to explore their public land in a socially and ecologically responsible way.

Fishing on national forests and grasslands is sometimes more than a sport. For some, the rewards of lakes, rivers and streams feed families at home or at the campsite.

Thin strings of nylon or other materials can help bring home a king salmon, the most prized fish in Alaska, or a speckled trout from the cool Gold Medal Colorado rivers that flow through national forests.

State laws apply to fishing laws and regulations on all national forests and grasslands. Some states prohibit putting fish remains into the waters, lakes, streams or rivers after you have cleaned and gutted your catch. Some states set limits on the number of fish you can catch and when. Other rules are imposed by the national forest and grassland, such as not fishing during derbies or in areas posted as closed. But sure you know the rules before you angle to your favorite fishing spot.

Our partners at TakeMeFishing.org suggest these tips for a safe fishing experience:

• If using a boat to fish, wear a life jacket and make sure each passenger wears one, too.
• Inspect waterfronts daily—the natural environment is subject to change without notice.
• Don’t fish in areas where it is not permitted. These areas have been declared “off limits” to protect wildlife, vegetation, or for your safety.
• When choosing a site for fishing, always consider safety factors. Because fishing is practiced in a variety of environments, evaluate factors specific to safety in each environment.
• Bring along extra safety items such as water, flashlights, maps, and a cell phone or radio.
• Always wear foot gear appropriate to the conditions.
• Stay dry, warm and protected from the elements. Wear a waterproof sunscreen with an SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 15. Wear thin layers of clothing that progress outward to include water and wind protection as the final layer.
• Use appropriate insect protection measures, including proper clothing and repellents.
• Keep fishing knives sharp and cover the blade when not in use.
• Handle fish carefully.
• Use caution when baiting and removing hooks.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Hiking is a wonderful way to see and experience the many wonders of our nation’s forests. Visit your forest’s ranger district office, our All Maps page, or Avenza to obtain a trail map to help you plan your route based on your ability, available time and interest. Please follow these safety tips to ensure a safe journey: 

• Responsible Recreation. Being prepared includes knowing how to be a responsible hiker. Learn more on our Responsible Recreation page.
• Stay on marked trails.
• Don’t hike alone. Let the slowest person in your party set the pace. This is especially important when children are a part of your group.
• Leave your itinerary with a friend or family member and check in with them upon your return.
• Develop an emergency plan before you start your trip. Make sure everyone knows what to do if they become lost or a medical emergency arises. Give children whistles with the instructions to "stop and blow" if they become lost.
• Take frequent rests or vary your pace to maintain your energy level.
• Drink plenty of water, even on cool, wet days. Never drink your entire supply between refills.
• Wear appropriate clothing, including sturdy boots that are broken in and are comfortable.
• Consider using a hiking pole or walking stick to help maintain your balance in unlevel or hazardous areas.
• Be aware of your surroundings, and pre-plan your approach before hiking through more hazardous areas. Wet surfaces can be a hazard and even more so if it's on a slope.
• Consider what you'll do if you start to slide or fall so that you are prepared.
  • If falling, do not try to catch yourself; try to avoid landing on your hands, elbows or knees. Landing on the side of your body is much safer.
  • If the slope is such where you know you are going to slide, lowering your center of gravity, by sitting down and sliding on your feet or bottom, is safer.
  • If sliding while standing up, keep your weight over your feet and bend your knees—do not lean back or forward while sliding.
• If on a day hike, extra weight wears you down and reduces your agility over uneven terrain. Pack as light as possible. Leave the extras behind, but consider bringing these essentials:
  • Map
  • Sunglasses and a hat
  • Sunscreen
  • Flashlight
  • Waterproof matches
  • First aid kit
  • Water and water-purifying tablets
  • High-energy bars, granola, candy, or fruit
  • Extra clothing. Temperatures can change dramatically, particularly if there is an elevation change. For every 1,000 feet of elevation gain, the temperature often drops three to five degrees. 

Source: U. S. Forest Service; National Park Service

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

An array of wildlife suitable for hunting may be found on national forests and grasslands. Hunting is a seasonal activity, and the rules are simple: Follow the state laws and regulations pertaining to hunting, including seasons, dates and licensing. Forests and grasslands may place some areas as off limits to hunting. So check in with your local Forest Service ranger to be sure you are following all the rules.

When on Forest Service land remember that:

• All firearms and bows with arrows should be cased and unloaded while in a recreation area or other public areas.
• Discharging a firearm (including a bow and arrow) is prohibited in or within 150 yards of a developed recreation site, a residence, or any place where people are likely to be.
• Shooting across bodies of water or a Forest Service road is prohibited.
• Shooting into or within any cave, mine or open shaft is prohibited.
• Private land is interspersed with public land and you must obtain written permission from the private landowner to hunt on their property. Obtain a map and use caution to ensure you don't inadvertently stray off public land onto private.
• Only portable stands or blinds are allowed. Check with your local ranger district for restrictions and time limits.

Stay safe when hunting by following these tips:

• Check weather reports before embarking on a hunting trip.
• Tell someone where you will be hunting and when you will return.
• Be familiar with the area you want to hunt. Bring a map and compass.
• Carry a basic survival kit and be prepared for an unexpected overnight stay in the field. The survival kit should contain a rope, a knife, water, waterproof matches, an emergency shelter, and first aid supplies.
• Dress properly and be prepared for the worst possible conditions.
• Wear hunter orange as your outermost gear so that you are visible to other hunters. Do not wear white or tan during deer season.
• Always treat your weapon as if it is loaded, even if it isn't, and know where your hunter partners are located at all times.
• If accompanied by a dog, the dog should also wear hunter orange or a very visible color on a vest, leash, coat or bandana. Check the state regulations to determine if a dog is allowed on a hunt.
• Check hunting equipment before and after each outing, and maintain it properly. Familiarize yourself with its operation before using it in the field.
• Carry a spare set of dry clothing. Utilize layering techniques to pull away moisture while retaining body warmth. Always bring rain gear.
• Clearly identify your target before shooting. Prevent unfortunate accidents or fatalities.
• Be alert when hunting near developed areas and trails. Other recreationists are enjoying the forest as well.
• Your cell phone may save your life, but don't count on it. Many areas of most forests are not within signal range.

Remember: You are responsible for the safety of yourself and for those around you.

Stay on open forest roads

Some roads could be closed temporarily or permanently to protect against further damage to wetland and aquatic resources and halt damage to soil, water and vegetation resources. The intent of road closures is to balance popular public use with the sustainability of natural resources.

• Closed roads will be posted. Not all bicycle trails are open to off-highway vehicle use. Go to your forest or grassland website for a map of bike trails.
• Wilderness areas are off-limits to all vehicles, including bicycles.
• Comply with signs and barriers, and leave gates as you found them.
• Some trails cross private property and are subject to deed restrictions, which prohibit vehicular travel of any kind.
• Respect public and private property by practicing minimum impact cycling.

Protect the environment

• Stay on trails and roads designated for use. Cutting switchbacks, creating hill climbs and riding in undesignated areas cause erosion, loss of wildlife habitat and other natural resource damage. Repairs cost tax dollars, and citations cost you dollars.
• Minimize erosion by staying on trails and not cutting switchbacks.
• Avoid wet, muddy areas as they are more susceptible to erosion. Meadows, lake shores, stream banks and vegetation are easily damaged.
• Do not ride on snow-covered roads!
• Do not disturb wildlife or livestock.
• Teach new riders trail etiquette—lead by example.
• Don’t litter. Pack out more than your share.

Ride safely, stay in control

• The forest is for everyone. Be considerate of hikers and equestrians.
• Always wear a protective helmet and other gear.
• Ride single file in the middle of the trail to avoid widening the trail.
• Yield right-of-way to other trail users. Horses spook when they see an unfamiliar object, especially one that moves quickly and quietly.
• Slow down and use caution when passing others. If necessary, dismount your vehicle or bicycle on the downhill side and wait for horses and hikers to pass.
• Control your speed at all times and approach turns in anticipation of someone around the bend. Reckless riding and high downhill speeds are not appropriate.

Be prepared

• Be prepared for sudden changes in weather.
• Don’t ride alone. Tell someone where you plan to ride and then stick to your plans.
• Don’t take unnecessary chances—help for emergencies may be miles away.
• Make sure you have a first aid kit and other safety gear with you when riding in the forest.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

National forests and grasslands are ours to enjoy now. We want them to be enjoyed for future generations as well. So is it up to all of us to care of these natural resources. This means we can all enjoy the recreational activities of our choosing, but do it responsibly.

Camp responsibly

• Creating new campsites kills vegetation and leads to soil erosion. If possible, use an existing site, or pick a site where vegetation is absent.
• Keep campsites small.
• Pick a spot where vegetation is absent.
• Never dig a trench or build a tent platform.
• Respect living trees. By carving or chopping into the trunks of trees, people unknowingly damage the tree by slitting veins right below the bark. These veins transport nutrients and water throughout the tree. If the damage becomes severe, it will deprive the tree of nutrients and food, and the tree slowly starves to death.
• Choose your campsite, park your car and wash at least 200 feet from rivers, streams, lakes or wetlands.
• Use biodegradable soap or plain water when washing.

Answering nature’s call

Bacteria and viruses found in human feces are known to cause hepatitis, salmonella, giardia, and other gastro-intestinal diseases. Remember, the water in the rivers and lakes you visit may flow into your own drinking water supply. Please follow these simple steps if a public restroom is not available:

• Find a spot at least 200 feet from any water source.
• Dig a hole 6-8 inches deep and bury human waste.
• Pack out used toilet paper and feminine products. Animals will dig up those products and scatter them around the area.
• Several types of waste-disposal products are on the market that come with enzymes that immediately begin breaking down solid waste.
• A leak-proof portable toilet or other self-contained receptacle is another option.

Be fire safe

• Keep fires small and bring firewood purchased in the local area. Firewood brought from another area could also bring invasive pests.
• If you have to collect firewood at your campsite, collect dead and down wood only.
• Check at the local ranger station for current fire restrictions, which can change on a daily, sometimes hourly, basis.
• Use existing fire rings. Scrape away litter and any other burnable material within a 10-foot-diameter surrounding the ring.
• Make sure all wood fits inside the fire ring. Do not feed a large log into the fire ring.
• Have a shovel, axe, and bucket of water available before lighting your campfire.
• Never leave a campfire unattended, even for a few minutes or even if there are no flames present. Many wildfires start because of abandoned fires or because someone thought a fire was out.
• Put out a campfire by slowly pouring water onto the fire and stirring with a shovel. Continue adding and stirring until all material is cool to touch.
• Do not bury your fire. The coals can smolder and re-ignite. 

Keep forest creatures wild

• Do not approach or follow wildlife—observe from a distance.
• Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter.
• Leash your dog to keep it and wildlife safe.
• Do not feed wildlife—let them feed themselves. Store your rations and trash safely, securely, and out of reach.

Do not spread invasive weeds

Invasive weeds can rapidly displace native plant species that provide habitat for wildlife and food for people and livestock. Here’s how you can help reduce their spread:

• Learn to recognize common weed species.
• Don’t camp or drive in weed infested areas.
• Don’t pick the flowers of noxious weeds and take them home — you’ll spread seeds.
• When using pack animals, carry only feed that is certified weed-free. Within 96 hours before entering backcountry areas, feed them only weed-free food.
• Wash your vehicle, including the undercarriage, to remove any weed seed before driving to the forest.

Don't erase the traces of America's past

• Archaeological, historic and sacred sites hold clues to America’s past. If disturbed, a part of our heritage may be lost forever.
• Disturbing such sites on federal lands is illegal and can result in substantial penalties.
• Help us protect these sites and contact your nearest district ranger to report illegal activity.

Be considerate of others

• Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their outdoor experience.
• Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail.
• Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock.
• Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors.
• Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.

Learn more about how to enjoy the outdoors responsibly though our partners, Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Not all roads and trails are created equally. Some roads are for cars and trucks, but not off-highway vehicles. Some trails are for off-highway vehicles, but many are not. Know where you are going and under the use of the road or trail before you go.

Stay on open forest roads

• Travel only on off-highway vehicle designated routes. Cross-country travel is prohibited. Obtain a Motor Vehicle Use Map for specific information on your forest.
• Comply with signs and barriers, and leave gates as you found them.
• Wilderness areas are off-limits to all motorized vehicles.

Protect the environment

• Minimize erosion by staying on trails and not cutting switchbacks.
• Avoid wet, muddy areas as they are more susceptible to erosion. Meadows, lake shores, stream banks and vegetation are easily damaged.
• Do not ride on snow-covered roads!
• Teach new riders trail etiquette—lead by example.
• Don’t litter. Pack out more than your share.

Ride safely, stay in control

• The forest is for everyone. Be considerate of hikers and equestrians.
• Yield right-of-way to other trail users. Horses spook when they see an unfamiliar object, especially one which moves quickly and quietly.
• Control your speed at all times and approach turns in anticipation of someone around the bend. Reckless riding and high downhill speeds are not appropriate.
• Wear your helmet and protective gear.

Plan your trip

• Be prepared for sudden changes in weather.
• Don’t ride alone. Tell someone where you plan to go and then stick to your plans.
• Don’t take unnecessary chances—help for emergencies may be miles away.
• Make sure you have a first aid kit and other safety gear with you when riding in the forest.

Follow vehicle regulations

• Children under 8 years of age may not operate all-terrain vehicles or motorcycles. An operator under 16 must have constant supervision by an adult over the age of 18.
• No passengers are allowed on all-terrain vehicles, unless vehicles are designed to carry passengers.
• All vehicles must be registered and licensed. Non-street legal "red sticker" vehicles have a limited operating period on the forest.
• Obey all traffic signs. State traffic laws apply to all national forest roads; violations are reported to the state department of motor vehicles.
• Within campgrounds and other recreation sites, use cars, motorbikes, motorcycles, or other motor vehicles only for entering or leaving, unless directed otherwise.
• Park only in designated parking areas.
• Do not block, restrict, or interfere with the use of roads, trails and gates.
• Spark arresters, mufflers, and brakes are required for motorized vehicles.
• Don’t drink and ride. Alcoholic beverages are prohibited on all trail systems or in recreation areas. 

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Target shooting is allowed on national forest or grassland unless restricted. Check your local ranger district for more information about local restriction. It is prohibited to shoot:    

• In or within 150 yards from a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation area or occupied area.
• Across or on a national forest or grassland road or body of water.
• In any manner or place where any person or property is exposed to injury or damage as a result of such discharge.
• Into or within a cave.
• Firing tracer bullets or incendiary ammunition.
• Disturbing, injuring, destroying, or in any way damaging any prehistoric, historic, or archaeological resource, structure, site, artifact, property.
• Abandoning any personal property or failing to dispose of all garbage, including targets, paper, cans, bottles, appliances.

In general, you should target shoot only if you:

• Use approved targets. Certain forests may have specific restrictions, such as the type of targets used (i.e. cardboard targets, paper targets, clay pigeons).
  • Exploding targets are not recommended and are restricted on many forests or grasslands for safety and fire concerns.
• Use approved targets along with a safe, ”bullet-proof” backstop. Do not to attach your targets to vegetation or structures, such as; trees, log decks, slash piles, fences, or water tanks.
• Practice safe gun handling by:
  • Treating every gun as if it is loaded.
  • Never letting the muzzle of a firearm point at anything you do not intend to shoot.
  • Keeping your finger off of the trigger until your sights are on the target and you are ready to shoot.
  • Making sure of your target and what is beyond.
• Are not in possession of alcoholic beverages while discharging a firearm.

Visit www.treadlightly.org/campaigns/respected-access

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Firewood and Christmas trees

Most national forests allow users to harvest trees for personal use firewood and Christmas trees, but you must first have a Forest Service-issued permit and you must follow specific guidelines, which can vary from forest to forest. 

Here are some general guidelines:

• Contact the forest district office nearest you to obtain a permit for home firewood, Christmas tree and tree cutting instructions.
• Wood or Christmas trees cannot be sold. Permits must be in your possession at all times while on the forest.
• Contact each forest district office for specific dates, maps, times, and accessibility.
• Before heading out, check the local forest for the latest warnings, such as fire or road closures.
• Always check weather conditions for proper dress attire in the forests.
• Tell someone you know where you are going and when you’ll return.
• Check with local district offices before you cut dead or downed trees. Dead trees could provide animal habitat.
• Stay away from areas along the sides of streams, rivers, lakes, and wet areas. Check with the ranger district for the proper distance.
• Be aware of areas where trees may be weakened by storms, insect damage or fire.
• Learn how to read a map and use a compass – and carry them both with you.

Additional guidelines for Christmas trees:

• Most holiday tree permits are issued in November. Know your location, the weather, and your ability to traverse through snow.
• Dress for the season. Always be prepared for the cold and snow, and start tree hunting early in the day to have plenty of daylight hours.
• Bring emergency supplies, including water and food and a first-aid kit.
• Remember to tell someone where you are going. Your cell phone may not work on many forests.
• The tree you choose must be at least 200 feet from main roads, recreation sites and campgrounds, and stay away from areas along the sides of streams, rivers, lakes, and wet areas. Check with the ranger district for the proper distance.
• Select a tree with a trunk six inches or less in diameter, and prepare to cut the tree no more than six inches above ground level.
• Never cut a tall tree just for the top.
• Select a tree from overstocked areas and thickets. Watch restricted areas. Cut only one tree per tag.
• Attach your tree tag to harvested tree before placing in vehicle.
• Bring a rope and tarp to move your tree from the harvest area to your vehicle.

What about other forest products, such as mushrooms and greenery?

A visit or call to your local forest or grassland district office is your first step. Tell them what you are interested in and how you can go about legally obtaining the items, what permits you need and what guidelines you must follow.

Our national forests and grasslands are here today for our use and enjoyment but also for the use and enjoyment of future generations. Help us make these vital natural resources a continuing legacy.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Anyone who want to fly an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) on National Forest System lands for fun or recreation must meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements.

Please visit the FAA's website to learn about new changes to recreational drone flying in the United States.

Members of the public may fly UAS for hobby or recreation in many places on National Forest System lands. However, there are areas on National Forest System lands where UAS can’t be flown as mandated by federal law and in accordance with FAA guidelines.  

Please contact the FAA or a Forest Service regional aviation officer for more information about flying a drone for recreational use.

For many of us a field of wildflowers is one of the most beautiful experiences we can encounter in Nature. There is a deep impulse we carry from childhood into adulthood to reach out and pick a flower in a beautiful butterfly-filled meadow or along a public wooded trail lined with spring beauties, irises, or wake-robins. It is because we all carry such memories that we have devoted an entire website to Celebrating Wildflowers. Millions of people visit the public lands each year and if only a small fraction of them each picked a few flowers, soon there would be none for the rest of us to enjoy.

Almost all wildflowers are fragile and many wilt and perish soon after being picked. Over the years, the repercussions of wildflower picking by unthinking people go far beyond the loss of the flowers themselves. A critical chain of events is triggered for years to come once wildflowers are lost. We don’t often realize it, but wildflowers support entire ecosystems for pollinators, birds, and small animals on a micro scale. Butterflies and other insects, small birds, and animals depend on seeds, nectar, and pollen for their food supply and life support system. In addition, some pollinators are not very mobile or have very small home ranges or depend on just one species of plant and die once their habitat has been destroyed.

The Forest Service is very enthusiastic about the public’s increased interest in native plants found on our national forests and grasslands. This interest and increased knowledge and awareness of the benefits of landscaping and gardening with native plants have resulted in nurseries producing native plants for the public to grow. Landscaping and gardening with native plants has many benefits including the creation of habitat for many different animals; from pollinators to birds, to small mammals. Many folks are now planting butterfly gardens that benefit these beautiful animals and bring enjoyment and joy to the gardener.

Unfortunately, the Forest Service is experiencing increased poaching of native wildflowers; even some that are listed as endangered species. Many people desire species that are not available commercially because these plants are difficult to grow or take too many years to reach maturity; and some people desire the rarest of the rare bringing those precious jewels ever closer to extinction. Consequently, some people are illegally removing wildflowers and other native plants from their natural habitats. In some cases entire populations of a species have been stolen.

There are four main consequences to this illegal activity:

1. All living organisms need to reproduce. Digging up wildflowers, picking wildflowers, or collecting their seed will reduce a plant's ability to reproduce and will adversely affect its long-term survival in that location;
2. Removing wildflowers from the wild can adversely affect pollinators and other animals that depend on that species for food and cover;
3. Removing wildflowers from our national forests and grasslands prevents other visitors from enjoying our natural heritage; and,
4. Most wildflowers when dug from their natural habitat do not survive being transplanted.

There are legal ways to collect native plants from national forests and grasslands that will allow their use but still sustain them for future generations.

Remember, respect and protect wildflowers and their habitats, leave only footprints, and take only memories and photos so that future generations may enjoy our precious natural heritage.

Every amateur shutterbug longs for his or her wildlife photos to look just like the masterpieces in National Geographic. Capturing great images in the wild takes preparation, patience and practice. Here are some tips to help keep you safe while photographing in the great outdoors:

Use common sense

No picture is worth endangering the animals, other subjects, or the photographer. People are killed every year when they get too close to large animals, such as bear, moose or bison. Smaller animals become stressed when we get too close.

Watch your step

Be careful not to step on critters who may be lurking nearby (e.g., snakes catching some sun in the open path), or into a hole or mud puddle.

Know your subject

If you have a specific animal you wish to photograph, study its habits, such as if they are nocturnal, what behaviors they exhibit or whether they stay on the ground, underground or in trees. For example, sandhill cranes often adopt a “pre-flight” posture, leaning forward and being very still before running and taking off. If you want takeoff shots, watch for that pose and be ready.

Know that certain owls will defend their nest area very aggressively, even against much larger humans. If you get too close, they will make sudden silent swoops at your head or face with stiletto talons. Before you try to photograph owls around a nest, know enough about their behavior to wear a hard hat and safety glasses and maintain an adequate distance.

You increase your photo opportunities when you synchronize your shooting to the timetable of your subject. For example, the best time of day to shoot butterflies is often early- to mid-morning when they emerge from their night roosts and warm themselves in the sun. They’ll often sit very still, perfectly displayed, until they’re warm enough to fly. Shooting during this window spares you the hazard of running all over the landscape, camera in hand, to catch up with constantly moving subjects.

Plan your photo shoot

Consider scouting locations before your shoot. Look for the best angles, where the sun will be, what the background will be like, etc. Sandhill cranes need to roost in shallow lakes. If you see cranes in a shallow lake, most likely they will return at dusk to roost for the night. You can come back in the late afternoon, set up and photograph them as they land for the night.

The first few hours after sunrise often provides more dramatic and appealing light, and often, animals are more active during the earlier hours than in the afternoon heat.

Be patient and observant

Oftentimes, animals will come into view if you just stay still in one location. The best wildlife photos are not likely to come by sneaking up on an animal to get as close as possible. Almost always, they’re aware of your approach.

The most effective way to get good shots is to recognize how the animal is behaving and where it is going. Get well out in front, be very still and let the animal come toward you. People who can keep still sometimes find that butterflies will land on their shoulder or birds will perch on their head. This approach is inherently safer because the animal remains in charge. It sets its own comfort zone and is not infringed upon or threatened by you. 

Know the capabilities of your equipment

Trying to get a photo that is beyond the capability of your equipment often leads to taking excessive risks. Most of those spectacular photographs that you see in National Geographic or in wildlife calendars were taken under rather unusual, well-controlled circumstances. They were shot from blinds built and maintained by professional guides. Or they were taken from secure vehicles on game preserves. And they were taken with exceptional equipment—the kinds of cameras and lens used by sports photographers who sit next to a baseball dugout and capture great shots of the game-saving catch against the center-field wall. They were not taken by lucky amateurs on day hikes with point-and-shoots or cell-phone cameras. 

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Many caves are off limits because of white-nose syndrome, a disease that has killed millions of hibernating bats. The Forest Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service request that cavers observe all cave closures and advisories, and avoid caves, mines or passages containing hibernating bats to minimize disturbance. Find out what you can do to help. 

Check with the local ranger district on the status of caves before exploring.

Exploring caves that are open can be fun and exciting, but can also be fraught with peril. Caves are inherently dangerous environments, with many hazards we are not accustomed to dealing with given our above ground experience. Preparation will help make your exploration more enjoyable.

Never go caving alone

• A caving group should includes a minimum of four people and a maximum of eight.
• Children should never explore caves without an adult.
• If someone gets hurt, at least one person should stay with the injured person while two others go for help.
• Read all the information you can on a cave before going exploring. It will help you plan your day.

Tell someone where you're going and when you will return

• As with all activities in the great outdoors, make a plan, share that with a responsible adult who is not going with you, then stick to it.
• If your group has not returned within six hours after the designated time, that responsible adult should call the Forest Service or the local Sheriff's Office to report that you have not returned as designated.

Dress for success

• Wear sturdy, ankle high boots to support your ankles, gloves for hand protection, and knee and elbow pads for crawling.
• Wear layers of clothing so you can moderate your body temperature. Remember that cotton absorbs cold and water.
• Wear a hard hat with a chin strap and attached light. Low ceilings are common even in short, easy caves.
• If you plan to be part of a guided tour, check the forest or ranger district for information about appropriate clothing.

Carry the right equipment

• Carry at least three light sources and enough spare parts, such as batteries, for each person. One light should be attached to your helmet to free up your hands and another should be a waterproof flashlight.
• Candles and matches in a sturdy, waterproof case.
• Carry a first-aid kit and know how to use it.

Don't forget food and water

• Don't drink cave water. Bring enough water that it will last beyond the estimated length of your expedition.
• Pack high-energy foods that can survive the tight confines of a cave.
• Remember to never leave your trash in a cave. Take out what you bring in.

Move with care

• Do not run or jump in a cave. Plan each move carefully.
• Do not enter a cave when there is rain predicted in the area. Cave often flood suddenly.
• Never touch or damage stalactites or other cave formations. These take thousands of years to grow.

Look, don’t touch

• Remember the Leave No Trace principles apply to caves, too.
• Take photos and leave footprints only when necessary.

Additional Resources

The National Speleological Society has a extensive collection of free brochures. 

Remember: You are responsible for your safety and for the safety of those around you.

Visiting your national forests and grasslands can be a wonderful experience. You may enjoy recreating in a developed campground, walking on a trail, fishing a stream, enjoying off-highway vehicle trails, or appreciating the view from an overlook. Whatever your activity, chances are there may be other people in the area. Although most people are there to enjoy the outdoors just like you, some are not. Always be aware of your surroundings, and take precaution whenever you go. 

Call 911 in case of emergency, or to report a crime.

Protect your children

To keep your children safe in the forest:

• Know where your children are at all times.
• Make sure your children know what to do if they become separated from you.
• Use extra precautions regarding your child’s personal safety
• 'Never talk to a strange' may not always be true. The National Crime Prevention Council can help teach you how to protect your children.

Prevent personal assault

While in the forest, most of us relax and leave our worries at home.  Unfortunately, criminals may use this against you. Learn to protect yourself:

• Be alert and aware of your surroundings, including other people in the area.
• Trust your instincts. If you feel uncomfortable in a place or situation, leave right away and get help if necessary.
• Stand tall and walk confidently. Don’t show fear.
• Be observant of others and use discretion in acknowledging strangers.
• Avoid confrontations.
• Be respectful of your fellow outdoor enthusiasts. Always use good manners when interacting with others.
• Carry a cell phone and check if there is coverage in the area.
• Know how to contact law enforcement and how to get medical attention in an emergency.
• Carry a noisemaker, such as a whistle, or other protective device.
• Do not pick up hitchhikers.
• Never go anywhere alone! It is safer to be in pairs or in a group.

If you are a victim

After a crime has occurred:

• Try to stay calm.
• Write down as much information on the suspect as possible, including personal and/or vehicle description, license plates’ number, and the last known direction and method of travel.
• Contact the local Sheriff’s Office or Forest Service Law Enforcement Investigations office immediately.
• Preserve, but do not handle, any evidence of the crime.

Protect your car

Whether you park your vehicle on the campground, at a trailhead, or at another location, it will be left unattended for a few hours or a few days. To help protect your vehicle and your valuables:

• Lock valuables in the trunk or where they can­not be seen, Better yet, leave at home what you really don't need.
• Lock your vehicle. Do not hide your keys on or near your vehicle,
• Take note of the other vehicles in the area and write down license plate numbers and descriptions of vehicles that appear suspicious or out of place,
• Report suspicious activity to local law enforcement or Forest Service personnel as soon as possible.

Protect your personal property

Precautions to protect your property include:

• Do not carry more cash than you need.
• Leave unnecessary valuable items at home.
• Do not make yourself a target by dangling your purse or showing your wallet.
• If someone attempts to rob you, give up your property; it is less valuable than your life.
• When leaving a campsite, lock or hide valuables.

Think Neighborhood Watch

One of the most effective ways to prevent crime and reduce fear is to apply the Neighborhood Watch concept to the forest setting by being vigilant, protecting yourself and securing your property, and acting as an extra set of “eyes and ears” for reporting crimes and suspicious activity you may encounter.  Helpful things to consider while on a forest or grassland:

• Know how to contact law enforcement and other emergency services personnel.
• Keep an eye out for the well-being of your fellow forest visitors and the safety of their property.
• Be observant of others and their activity.
• Keep an eye out for persons or vehicles that appear out of place or suspicious in or near campgrounds, recreation areas, trailheads, or rest areas.
• Report suspicious persons.
• Report criminal activity immediately.

Criminal Activity

You may discover illegal activity while on the forest.  For example, the presence of polyvinyl chloride pipes or hoses along the ground may indicate an active marijuana garden, or household chemicals in an unusual com­bination used with glassware and tubing may indicate methamphetamine production. If you come across suspicious activity:

• Do not approach or confront the individuals at the site; do not in any way indicate that you are suspicious,
• Immediately leave the area along the same route you entered,
• Watch for other people in the area,
• Be aware of your surroundings at all times. In some instances, potentially dangerous devices or harmful materials might be nearby. Make every effort to avoid contact with suspicious packages and/or equipment; they might be highly volatile,
• When you are safely away, write down a detailed description of the activities taking place, the area, the people and any vehicles,
• Immediately report the activity to local law enforcement or Forest Service personnel.

Observe and Record:

• If you believe you have witnessed a crime, do not approach the person and do not take a photo of them! Instead, observe what they are doing, record it on paper and report it to the authorities.
• When you report a crime, you will be asked to provide information, such as a description of the person(s), a description of their vehicle or vessel, any registration or distinguishing logo (car rental identifier, license plate), what they are doing, when, and where.

Remember: You are responsible for your safety and for the safety of those around you.

Whether you plan on a day hike, an overnight camping experience or days in a wilderness area, food is a part of your outdoor experience. Food safety should be part of your planning. You don’t want wildlife getting your food, and you don’t want foodborne illness getting you.

• Plan your meals before you leave for your trip. Don’t forget nutrition-packed foods that help provide the energy you need for hikes, biking and other strenuous activities
• Pack food in tight, waterproof bags or containers.
• Keep food in an insulated cooler with ice. If you trip is over several days and you will not have access to replenish the ice, plan for meals that do not need refrigeration.
• Separate raw foods from cooked foods.
• Cook food properly.
• Chill/store leftover food immediately.
• Practice personal hygiene. Wash your hands before handling food.

Keeping food safe from wildlife, especially bears 

Never leave food unattended, even for a short hike or a swim. You can store your food in:

• A hard-sider camper or motor home, vehicle trunk or cab, or enclosed horse trailer. However, bears have been known to break windows and mangled vehicles just to get to food they smell.
• Suspended 10 feet up and 4 feet out from a vertical support, such as a tree. This is sometimes difficult to do depending on the amount of food.
• Store your food, even snacks, in an approved bear-resistant container. Most coolers and plastic storage boxes are easy for bears to break into. Some campgrounds offer large storage boxes. Call to see if they are available and how much they will store.
• Learn more about bears by checking our bear page

Learn more

These are only the basic rules. Here's more resources:

• USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service “Food Safety While Hiking, Camping & Boating”
• Centers for Disease Control and Presentation "Camping, Hiking and Travel"

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

The best tool needed for survival in the event you get lost outdoors is your skill of advanced planning. You must expect the unexpected and plan accordingly. Even if you are going out for just a few hours, pack enough essentials that you can stay hydrated, fueled and prepared for any type of weather. 

Your essentials should include at least:

• More than enough food and water for the activity you plan.
• A compass that you know how to use. You may want a GPS device, but those sometimes do not receive a signal or the battery fails. Cell phones also likely will not work because of a lack of signal.
• Appropriate maps. Study the terrain and your planned route. Know where you are going and how you will return.
• Sturdy hiking boots, clothes that you can layer depending on the weather conditions and additional socks in case the ones you are wearing get wet.
• A blanket, flashlight, matches kept in a water-resistant container, and other items that will help you survive overnight if necessary.
• Check with the local ranger district or forest office for special warnings, such as fires in the area, bear sightings, flooding, trail or road closures, etc.

It’s also important that once you have planned your outing, tell someone. Give them exact details of where you are going, the trail you plan to follow, when you will return, the vehicle you are driving (and where you plan to park) and how many people will go with you – do not go alone.

If you do become lost your most important tool is keeping a positive mental attitude.

Stop:

• As soon as you realize you may be lost: stop, stay calm, stay put. Panic is your greatest enemy.

Think:

• Go over in your mind how you got to where you are. What landmarks should you be able to see? Do not move at all until you have a specific reason to take a step.

Observe:

• Get out your compass and determine the directions based on where you are standing. Do not walk aimlessly.
• If you are on a trail, stay on it. All trails are marked with signs (where intersections meet) and with diamond blazers or markers. However, signs are sometimes vandalized or stolen.
• As a very last resort, follow a drainage or stream downhill. This is often a difficult path but could lead to a trail or road. Again, this could be very dangerous.

Plan:

• Based on your thinking and observations, come up with some possible plans, think them through then act on one of them.
• If you are not very, very confident in the route, then it’s always better to stay put.
• If it’s nightfall, you are injured or you are near exhaustion, stay in place.

Self-rescue tips:

If after careful planning and consideration you decide that you should try to rescue yourself, here are some tips to remember:

• Stop and rest when you start to feel tired. Don’t wait until you are exhausted.
• Your body can’t hike hard and digest food at the same time. Rest in the shade for at least 30 minutes when you stop to eat. If you are still tired after 30 minutes, continue to rest.
• Make sure to drink enough water to avoid dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration could include thirst; dry/sticky mouth; not urinating very much or dark yellow urine; dry, cool skin; headache; muscle cramps.
• Stop and fix small problems while they are still small. If you ignore your body and keep pushing, the pain or illness will only get worse and make recovery more difficult.
• Avoid hiking between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on hot days. If you are on a trail between those hours, find a shady spot and stay there until the temperature cools down. Adjust your hiking pace to one you can comfortably maintain and rest when you feel the need.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

An adventure into the great outdoors has many benefits, including social, cultural and historic value. The outdoors also can help us relieve our stress, exercise our weary minds and muscles and connect us to not just nature but our family, friends and ourselves. With an outdoors adventure comes a sense of responsibility, especially when it comes to safety. Please remember, you are responsible for the safety of yourself and for those around you. 

Ensure your trek outdoors is a positive one. Know what you’re doing, how to do it right and how to do it safely.

Before you go:

• Visit the forest or grassland web pages for safety rules and alerts, including those that warn you of road closings, trail conditions, wildland fires and known animal dangers. If you need more information, call the forest of grassland of your destination.
• Check the weather then wear and/or bring the appropriate clothing.
• Make sure you have a full tank of gas, plenty of drinking water and food to last throughout your trip – or even beyond in case you decide to say longer. Know where to find gas near your forest or grassland destination.
• Pack a first aid kit and know how to use it.
• Make sure someone knows where you’re going and when you’ll be back. Then stick to the plan.
• Know whether you need a permit for the activity you plan and be sure you carry your permit with you at all times.

While you are there:

• Follow posted rules: they are there for your safety and for the protection of wildlife and natural resources.
• Keep your children in sight at all times.
• Keep your pets on a leash.
• Keep all food stored in animal-proof containers.
• Let wild animals eat their wild dinners. They are not pets, and you should not feed them.
• Remember Smokey Bear and his warning: Only you can prevent wildfires.
• Never park on dry grass. The hot undercarriage of your car could start a fire
• Start your activities early and be sure you have plenty of time in your day to return to your vehicle or campsite before dark.
• Hike with a buddy.
• Carry plenty of water and nutrition-packed foods in airtight containers.
• Wear protective clothing, including hiking boots and layers.
• Carry a compass and a map. Don’t rely on your cell phone because forests often don’t have cell towers.

After you leave:

• Take you trash with you or leave it in an authorized dumpster.
• Find a wash station on your way home to wash away any invasive species on your boat, car or recreational vehicle.
• Post your photos on Facebook, Pinterest or Tweet @forestservice.
• Plan your next trip.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Sunny weather can make for very enjoyable days on your National Forests, but it only takes minutes to damage your skin. The sun is constantly bathing exposed skin and even your eyes with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Even on cool and cloudy days, sun damage is possible if you don’t take precautions. As uncomfortable and unsightly as sunburn is, the damage isn’t limited to that. UV radiation damages the DNA in your skin. The effects are cumulative and can lead to skin cancer. The good news is that it is easy to protect yourself. 

Find Shade

The easiest way to keep the sun off your skin is to stay in the shade. Find a shelter, and umbrella or better yet, under a tree. There are plenty to be found on your National Forests. The best time of day to avoid is between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4 p.m.

Cover up

When it’s possible, wear long pants, shirts with long sleeves, and a broad-brimmed hat. Not all fabrics are made equal. In fact, a typical T-shirt provides less than the minimum recommended sun protection of (sun protection factor) SPF 15. Wet clothes also provide far less sun protection.

There is some clothing that is certified by international standards and provides information about its SPF.

Sunscreen

Sunscreen works by reflecting, scattering or absorbing sunlight. It is recommended that SPF 15 be used at a minimum. The higher the SPF, the stronger the protection.

Sunscreen should be applied to any exposed skin when you are outdoors. It needs to be reapplied every two hours and after sweating, swimming or toweling off.

Sunscreens also expire. Those without expiration dates has a shelf life of no more than three years—less if it is stored in high temperatures.

Protect your eyes

Your eyes aren’t immune to the effects of UV radiation. UV radiation can cause cataracts and other eye disease. Sunglasses should provide both UVA and UVB protection. Most sunglasses sold in the U.S. provide that protection.

For more information on protecting yourself from the sun and how to prevent skin cancer: visit the CDC Sun Safety Page

Tickborne diseases are on the rise, particularly in the spring, summer and early fall when ticks are most active, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

That means if you are outdoors, you need to take precautions for yourself, your family and your pets before, during and after your visit.

Steps to protect against ticks. Follow these whether you work outside, enjoy your yard or spend time on a national forest or grassland. You should:

• Avoid areas with high grass and leaf litter and walk in the center of trails when hiking.
• Use repellent that contains 20 percent or more DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin for protection that lasts several hours.
• Use products that contain permethrin to treat clothing and gear, such as boots, pants, socks and tents or look for clothing pre-treated with permethrin.
• Treat dogs for ticks. Dogs are very susceptible to tick bites and to some tickborne diseases. They may also bring ticks into your home. Tick collars, sprays, shampoos, or monthly “top spot” medications help protect against ticks.
• Bathe or shower as soon as possible after coming indoors to wash off and more easily find crawling ticks before they bite you.
• Conduct a full-body tick check using a hand-held or full-length mirror to view all parts of your body upon returning from tick-infested areas. Parents should help children check thoroughly for ticks. Remove any ticks right away.
• Tumble dry clothes in a dryer on high heat for 10 minutes to kill ticks on dry clothing after you come indoors. If the clothes are damp, additional time may be needed.

It’s a good idea to take preventive measures against ticks year-round. However, be extra vigilant in warmer months (April-September) when ticks are most active.

Avoid Direct Contact with Ticks

• Avoid wooded and brushy areas with high grass and leaf litter
• Walk in the center of trails

Repel Ticks on Skin and Clothing

• Use repellent that contains 20 percent or more DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin for protection that lasts several hours.
• Always follow product instructions. Parents should apply this product to their children, avoiding hands, eyes, and mouth.
• Use products that contain permethrin on clothing. Treat clothing and gear, such as boots, pants, socks and tents with products containing 0.5 percent permethrin. It remains protective through several washings. Pre-treated clothing is available and may be protective longer.
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an online tool to help you select the repellent that is best for you and your family.

 Find and Remove Ticks from Your Body

• Bathe or shower as soon as possible after coming indoors (preferably within 2 hours) to wash off and more easily find ticks that are crawling on you.
• Conduct a full-body tick check using a hand-held or full-length mirror to view all parts of your body upon return from tick-infested areas. Parents should check their children for ticks under the arms, in and around the ears, inside the belly button, behind the knees, between the legs, around the waist, and especially in their hair.
• Examine gear and pets. Ticks can ride into the home on clothing and pets, then attach to a person later, so carefully examine pets, coats, and day packs.
• Tumble dry clothes in a dryer on high heat for 10 minutes to kill ticks on dry clothing after you come indoors.
• If the clothes are damp, additional time may be needed.
• If the clothes require washing first, hot water is recommended. Cold and medium temperature water will not kill ticks effectively. If the clothes cannot be washed in hot water, tumble dry on low heat for 90 minutes or high heat for 60 minutes. The clothes should be warm and completely dry.

This information is provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Get more information from CDC about ticks on pets and in your yard as well as other need-to-know safety tips.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

A "hazard tree" is a tree that has a structural defect that makes it likely to fail in whole or in part. Falling trees are an ever-present hazard when traveling or camping in the forest, yet too often we are unaware of the risks associated with defective trees. Trees are defective from age, fire and disease.  

Keep these safety tips in mind:

• Be aware of your surroundings as trees can fall without warning. Be particularly watchful when it's windy or following a snowstorm when branches are covered with snow. Avoid parking or camping in areas where trees could fall.
• Avoid dense patches of dead trees. Limbs and damaged trees may fall at any time. Trees without needles, bark or limbs may indicate structural defects. Trees with conks, broken tops, basal scars, numerous downed limbs, ants, or an abundance of woodpecker holes may have internal rot.
• Beware of hazardous trees due to ice storm or insect damage. Ice storms can inflict serious damage to trees, uprooting or breaking off large limbs. Cracks can develop in large branches which, although they are damaged, do not fall from the tree. Such branches can present a hazard to people or property long after the ice has melted.
• Look up while on trails, especially when it’s windy. Stay out of the forest when there are strong winds that could blow down trees. If you are already in the forest when winds kick up, head to a clearing out of reach of any potential falling trees.
• Park close to a main road rather than on a spur or one-way section when driving in remote areas of the forest to avoid being trapped if a tree falls across the road.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Whether a tiny trickle of a creek, enough to cool your toes, or the vast expanses of beaches, water provides an exciting element to outdoor recreation. Even the most seasoned of water enthusiasts can be surprised by changing water conditions. Enjoy your day, but remember these tips:

Waterfalls

Hazards include slippery rocks and surfaces from mist and algae. 

• Heed posted warning signs.
• Enjoy from a distance.
• Stay on established trails and enjoy the view from overlooks.
• Don’t jump off of waterfalls or dive into waterfall pools. Unseen objects, such as logs and boulders, may be under the water’s surface.
• Never swim or wade upstream near a waterfall, even if the water appears shallow and calm. The currents close to the falls could pull swimmers over the edge.

Rivers, streams

Changing seasons contribute to rapid changes in rivers and streams. In summer, rivers and streams often swell from runoff caused by snowmelt. That also could mean powerful currents that can easily sweep you off your feet. 

• Avoid rock hopping. Stream polished rocks along the water's edge may be slippery when wet or dry.
• If you choose to cross a stream by going through it, study the area first. Avoid deep and/or swift water.
• When crossing on a natural bridge of rocks or logs, consider where you will land if you fall. Never cross above rapids or falls.
• If you are crossing a stream, unbuckle your pack's waist strap so you can shed it if you fall to prevent being pulled under by its weight. Consider putting your back in a waterproof back, which become a floating device to help your head stay above water.
• Do not tie yourself into safety ropes — they can drown you.
• If you fall into fast-moving water, do not try to stand up. The force of the water will push you over and hold you under. Most drownings result from getting a leg or ankle caught in an underwater rock ledge, between boulders or snagged in tree limbs or other debris. Lay on your back with your feet pointing downstream and toes pointing up toward the surface. Always look downstream and be prepared to fend off rocks with your feet.
• If you don't know how to swim, wear a life vest that meets U.S. Coast Guard requirements. 

Lakes 

Main hazards

• Do not dive into the water. Jumping from cliffs or bridges is dangerous due to shallow water, submerged rocks, trees, or other hazards.
• Choose swimming areas carefully and swim only during low water conditions.
• Always swim with a buddy and in supervised areas, preferably ones with a lifeguard on duty.
• Always supervise children closely. Do not read, play cards, talk on the phone, or engage in any other distracting activity while watching children in or around water.
• Avoid drinking alcohol before or during swimming or boating. Avoid drinking alcohol while supervising children around water.
• Learn to swim. Enroll yourself and your children in swimming classes. However, don't consider your children to be “drown-proof” because you enrolled them in an infant water-proofing class or swimming class. A child who falls into water unexpectedly may panic and forget learned swimming skills.
• Learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Because of the time it might take for emergency services to arrive, your CPR skills can make a difference in saving someone's life.
• Use life jackets that meet U.S. Coast Guard requirements when boating, regardless of distance to be traveled, size of boat, or swimming ability of boaters.
• Do not use air-filled or foam toys, such as water wings, noodles, or inner tubes, in place of life jackets. These are toys and are not designed to keep swimmers safe.
• Know the local weather conditions and forecast before swimming or boating. Strong winds and thunderstorms with lightning strikes are dangerous to swimmers and boaters.

Coastal beaches

Main hazards include large unexpected waves, cold water and swift currents, and log/debris hazards. Additional hazards include sand cave-ins, unstable slopes, mud flats and high tides trapping beachcombers. Know these safety tips:

• Always keep one eye on the water to detect large unexpected waves.
• Face the water when very near the waves.
• Check the forecast for high surf advisory before going to the beach.
• Know the tides so rising water doesn't trap you.
• Observe the waves when arriving at the beach. Double the highest wave you see to estimate how high the waves might get during your visit.
• Wear a life jacket when fishing or tide pooling because these activities require you to be very near the surf with your attention diverted.
• Beware of the cold water, it can quickly sap your strength.
• If caught in a rip current, swim parallel to the beach to get out of the current, then swim toward shore.
• Keep a close watch on children even if they are far from the water. They can quickly enter the water and get in trouble when your attention is diverted for only a moment.
• Don't go in the water after someone in trouble. Rescue from shore and get help.

Remember: You are responsible for your safety and for the safety of those around you.