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Geology

Information on Unpatented Claims

Unpatented Mining Claims FOR CARD_

Learn what an unpatented mining claim is and what the rights of an owner of an unpatented mining claimant are.

Recreational Prospecting in Montana

A photo of a person wearing a hat and holding a recreational prospecting gold sifting pan, kneeling next to some water with a hand dipped in the water.

Beartooth Ranger District

Geology of the Beartooth Mountains

A photo of a lake in a high mountain wilderness area, no trees, exposed rock and patches of snow.

The Beartooth Mountains are a result of nearly 4 billion years of Earth processes occurring. This history is discussed here in terms of the geologic timeline. Read a brief description of the Beartooths geologic history.

Geology of the Pryor Mountains

Big Pryor Mtn

The Pryor Mountains are also underlain by ancient granites and gneisses that date back 3.0 – 4.0 billion years. Read a brief description of the Pryor Mountains geologic history.

Glaciers in the Beartooth Mountains

West Grasshopper Glacier

Glaciers erode landscapes ten to twenty times faster than liquid water and are one of many ever-changing geologic features in the Beartooth Mountains.

Gardiner Ranger District

New World Mine

A photo of a hillside of a mountain that has been mined. Horizontal lines are across the mountain.

Information, reports and data for the New World Mining District Response and Restoration Project.

Sioux Ranger District

Riley Pass Uranium Mine Clean-up

A photo of a view of a land area that has a mine in the center and a small body of water near the middle of the photo.

The USFS is the lead agency over the reclamation activities as the Riley Pass Uranium Mine Project site is primarily on National Forest System (NFS) lands and the source of the release or potential release of hazardous substances is from NFS lands.

Geology of the North Cave Hills

A photo of a hillside that has exposed rock and soil. Minimal grass and trees in the photo.

Mining in the North Cave Hills was performed in the late 1950s to mid-1960s. The miners were seeking the uranium-bearing black lignite coal seams sandwiched between layers of sandstone. The North Cave Hills region is comprised of early Tertiary Period (65 to 55 million years ago) sediments.

Castles & Capitol Rock, Sioux Ranger District

The Castles - National Register of Natural Landmarks

The Castles and Capitol Rock National Natural Landmarks (NNL) contain exposed rock of Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene, Oligocene and Miocene Ages.  Designated first in 1976, (U.S.F.S Federal Ownership), two natural landmarks dot the South Dakota sky in Harding County on the Sioux Ranger District, Custer Gallatin National Forest. 

Last updated May 8th, 2025