Rangeland Management - Permitted Livestock Grazing

The Forest Service supports livestock grazing on National Forest System lands (National Forests and Grasslands). We believe that livestock grazing on these lands, if responsibly done, provides a valuable resource to the livestock owners as well as the American people.

While the Forest Reserves were originally established to protect timberlands and watersheds, it was recognized early in the history of the Reserves (later National Forests) that grazing was a legitimate use. In 1897, the newly formed Forest Service was authorized by Congress to regulate grazing and permit it as long as it did not injure forest growth. The agency's controls (permits, herd size, allotments, season of use) were attempts to protect the resource and prevent the monopolization by large outfits (Rowley 1985).

The Forest Service has supported controlled livestock grazing since the very early days of the agency. The earliest version of published policy of the Forest Service (USDA Forest Service 1905), stated:

“The Forest Service will allow the use of the forage crop of the reserves as fully as the proper care and protection of the forests and the water supply permits. In new forest reserves where the livestock industry is of special importance, full grazing privileges will be given at first, and if reduction in number is afterwards found necessary, stockmen will be given ample opportunity to adjust their business to the new conditions. Every effort will be made to assist the stock owners to a satisfactory distribution of stock on the range in order to secure greater harmony among citizens, to reduce the waste of forage by tramping in unnecessary movement of stock, and to obtain a more permanent, judicious, and profitable use of the range. The leading objects of the grazing regulations are:

1. The protection and conservative use of all forest reserve land adapted for grazing.

2. The best permanent good of the live-stock industry through proper care and improvement of the grazing lands.

3. The protection of the settler and home builder against unfair competition in the use of the range.”

By the 1936 edition of the policies, it was recognized that the "cattle and sheep which are grazed in the national forests bear an important relation to the supply of beef and mutton in this country, and represent an important industry and basis for established homes and every effort will be made by forest officers to promote the fullest possible use of grazing resources." (USDA Forest Service 1936)

While the relationship between the National Forests and the country's beef and mutton, and more recently lamb, supply declined in the 2nd half of the 20th century, livestock grazing remains an important and valid use of our national forests. According to the Multiple Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960, "It is the policy of the Congress that the National Forests are established and shall be administered for outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed, and wildlife and fish purposes." Current Forest Service objectives for the range management program are:

1. To manage range vegetation to protect basic soil and water resources, provide for ecological diversity, improve or maintain environmental quality, and meet public needs for interrelated resource uses.

2. To integrate management of range vegetation with other resource programs to achieve multiple use objectives contained in Forest land and resource management plans.

3. To provide for livestock forage, wildlife food and habitat, outdoor recreation, and other resource values dependent on range vegetation.

4. To contribute to the economic and social well-being of people by providing opportunities for economic diversity and by promoting stability for communities that depends on range resources for their livelihood.

5. To provide expertise on range ecology, botany, and management of grazing animals.

It was never the intent of the Congress that all uses would occur on all areas. Individual forests determine what uses are feasible and appropriate for different areas through the development and revision of the Land and Resource Management Plans. Once a determination has been made that grazing is feasible and appropriate for an area, grazing is planned and managed taking into consideration all the other uses of the area.

The modern history of the west is very closely tied to livestock grazing. During the 1800's large ranching operations were established using the free forage available on unmanaged and unclaimed public domain lands. While the dominance of these cattle and sheep "empires" declined after restrictions on grazing began to occur in the early part of the 20th century, much of the custom and culture of the rural west is still very closely tied to ranching. Many rural communities continue to be dependent upon ranching for their economic livelihood and most of these ranches rely on federal land grazing, either on BLM managed lands or on National Forests, for at least a portion of the grazing.

It is the Forest Service's goal to conserve the rich resources of the National Forests and Grasslands while supporting communities greatly dependent upon these very same resources. While grazing is an important use, we will continue to move forward with improving our management and preventing degradation of soil, water, and vegetation.

References

• Rowley, William D. 1985. U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands A History. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 270 pp.

• USDA Forest Service. 1905. The Use of the National Forest Reserves. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC. 80 pp.

• USDA Forest Service. 1936. The Use Book - Grazing Section. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC. 113 pp.

Basically, there are three types of grazing permits issued by the Forest Service: Term Grazing Permits, Temporary Grazing Permits, and Livestock Use Permits.

• Term Grazing Permits are issued for up to ten years and are the type of permit issued to livestock producers through out the West. The eligibility and qualification requirements and most common way to acquire a Term Grazing Permit are discussed below.

• Temporary Grazing Permits are generally issued for a short period of time to handle special circumstances. They are often issued to allow livestock to remain on the National Forest land, while a Term Grazing Permit is being processed for issuance to a newly qualified applicant. Temporary Grazing Permits are issued based on the needs of the Forest Service. They are not available to the public upon request.

• Livestock Use Permits are issued for incidental use and are not intended to authorize commercial livestock production on National Forest lands. Livestock Use Permits can be issued for up to a one year period, but are generally issued for a much shorter period. A common situation for issuing a Livestock Use Permit is to authorize Guide/Outfitter's stock during the period they are operating on the National Forest. In cases where there is a proven need for some type of incidental livestock use on National Forest lands, a Livestock Use Permit can be obtained by submitting an application.

Several eligibility and qualification requirements must be met to acquire a Forest Service Term Grazing Permit. The following are the basic requirements you must meet before a Term Grazing Permit can be issued.

Eligibility:

1. Individuals: Must be a citizen of the United States or an alien who has demonstrated intent to become a citizen by having filed petition for naturalization with the clerk of the U.S. District Court.

2. Legal Entity (corporations or partnerships): U.S. citizens must own at least 80 percent of the capital stock.

3. Applicants must be of legal age in the state of residence.

Qualifications:

• An applicant must own base property and livestock in order to qualify for a Term Grazing Permit.

Acquiring a Term Grazing Permit

The most common way the base property ownership requirement is met by someone who wants a Forest Service Term Grazing Permit, is through the purchase of existing base property that is recognized under an existing Term Grazing Permit. Occasionally individuals or businesses may inherit, obtain through foreclosures, or through other means become owners of base property. They are considered qualified applicants once all legal matters are settled.

Without purchasing or acquiring base property the only other way of acquiring a Term Grazing Permit is to purchase permitted livestock and then providing a parcel of land that meets base property requirements. In either case, the current holder of the Term Grazing Permit who sold either base property or permitted livestock must waive their permit to the Forest Service in favor of the purchaser (applicant).

On very rare occasions granting of unused forage may occur. Because existing permittees have the first priority to use surplus forage, it is rare that a person acquires a grazing permit through the grant process.

Acquiring a permit to graze livestock on National Forest land is not a simple process since most Forest Service lands eligible to be grazed by livestock are already obligated under existing permits.

The information presented above is only a brief explanation of the requirement and procedures to obtain a Forest Service Term Grazing Permit. It is highly recommended that you contact the local Forest Service office in the area where you are interested in obtaining a Term Grazing Permit and work with the local Forest Officers to obtain further information.

Grazing Permit Forms

Applications

• Application for Term Grazing Permit (PDF, 112 KB)

• Application for Term Private Land Grazing Permit (PDF, 105 KB)

• Waiver of Term Grazing Permit (PDF, 70 KB)

• Escrow Waiver of Term Grazing Permit Privileges (PDF, 72 KB)

• Application for Temporary Grazing or Livestock Use Permit (PDF, 124 KB)

• Ownership Statement by Corporation Partnership, or Other Legal Entity (PDF, 27 KB)

• Refund, Credit, or Transfer Application (PDF, 61 KB)

Permits

• Term Private Land Grazing Permit Parts 1 and 2 (PDF, 60 KB)

• Temporary Grazing or Livestock Use Permit Parts 1 and 2 (PDF, 56 KB)

• Temporary Grazing or Livestock Use Permit Part 3 (PDF, 73 KB)